lexer.go

// TOML lexer.
//
// Written using the principles developped by Rob Pike in
// http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxaD_trXwRE

package toml

import (
	"fmt"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"unicode/utf8"
)

var dateRegexp *regexp.Regexp

// Define state functions
type tomlLexStateFn func() tomlLexStateFn

// Define lexer
type tomlLexer struct {
	input  string
	start  int
	pos    int
	width  int
	tokens chan token
	depth  int
	line   int
	col    int
}

func (l *tomlLexer) run() {
	for state := l.lexVoid; state != nil; {
		state = state()
	}
	close(l.tokens)
}

func (l *tomlLexer) nextStart() {
	// iterate by runes (utf8 characters)
	// search for newlines and advance line/col counts
	for i := l.start; i < l.pos; {
		r, width := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(l.input[i:])
		if r == '\n' {
			l.line++
			l.col = 1
		} else {
			l.col++
		}
		i += width
	}
	// advance start position to next token
	l.start = l.pos
}

func (l *tomlLexer) emit(t tokenType) {
	l.tokens <- token{
		Position: Position{l.line, l.col},
		typ:      t,
		val:      l.input[l.start:l.pos],
	}
	l.nextStart()
}

func (l *tomlLexer) emitWithValue(t tokenType, value string) {
	l.tokens <- token{
		Position: Position{l.line, l.col},
		typ:      t,
		val:      value,
	}
	l.nextStart()
}

func (l *tomlLexer) next() rune {
	if l.pos >= len(l.input) {
		l.width = 0
		return eof
	}
	var r rune
	r, l.width = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(l.input[l.pos:])
	l.pos += l.width
	return r
}

func (l *tomlLexer) ignore() {
	l.nextStart()
}

func (l *tomlLexer) backup() {
	l.pos -= l.width
}

func (l *tomlLexer) errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) tomlLexStateFn {
	l.tokens <- token{
		Position: Position{l.line, l.col},
		typ:      tokenError,
		val:      fmt.Sprintf(format, args...),
	}
	return nil
}

func (l *tomlLexer) peek() rune {
	r := l.next()
	l.backup()
	return r
}

func (l *tomlLexer) accept(valid string) bool {
	if strings.IndexRune(valid, l.next()) >= 0 {
		return true
	}
	l.backup()
	return false
}

func (l *tomlLexer) follow(next string) bool {
	return strings.HasPrefix(l.input[l.pos:], next)
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexVoid() tomlLexStateFn {
	for {
		next := l.peek()
		switch next {
		case '[':
			return l.lexKeyGroup
		case '#':
			return l.lexComment
		case '=':
			return l.lexEqual
		}

		if isSpace(next) {
			l.ignore()
		}

		if l.depth > 0 {
			return l.lexRvalue
		}

		if isKeyStartChar(next) {
			return l.lexKey
		}

		if l.next() == eof {
			break
		}
	}

	l.emit(tokenEOF)
	return nil
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexRvalue() tomlLexStateFn {
	for {
		next := l.peek()
		switch next {
		case '.':
			return l.errorf("cannot start float with a dot")
		case '=':
			return l.lexEqual
		case '[':
			l.depth++
			return l.lexLeftBracket
		case ']':
			l.depth--
			return l.lexRightBracket
		case '{':
			return l.lexLeftCurlyBrace
		case '}':
			return l.lexRightCurlyBrace
		case '#':
			return l.lexComment
		case '"':
			return l.lexString
		case '\'':
			return l.lexLiteralString
		case ',':
			return l.lexComma
		case '\n':
			l.ignore()
			l.pos++
			if l.depth == 0 {
				return l.lexVoid
			}
			return l.lexRvalue
		case '_':
			return l.errorf("cannot start number with underscore")
		}

		if l.follow("true") {
			return l.lexTrue
		}

		if l.follow("false") {
			return l.lexFalse
		}

		if isAlphanumeric(next) {
			return l.lexKey
		}

		dateMatch := dateRegexp.FindString(l.input[l.pos:])
		if dateMatch != "" {
			l.ignore()
			l.pos += len(dateMatch)
			return l.lexDate
		}

		if next == '+' || next == '-' || isDigit(next) {
			return l.lexNumber
		}

		if isSpace(next) {
			l.ignore()
		}

		if l.next() == eof {
			break
		}
	}

	l.emit(tokenEOF)
	return nil
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexLeftCurlyBrace() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.pos++
	l.emit(tokenLeftCurlyBrace)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexRightCurlyBrace() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.pos++
	l.emit(tokenRightCurlyBrace)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexDate() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.emit(tokenDate)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexTrue() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.pos += 4
	l.emit(tokenTrue)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexFalse() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.pos += 5
	l.emit(tokenFalse)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexEqual() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.accept("=")
	l.emit(tokenEqual)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexComma() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.accept(",")
	l.emit(tokenComma)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexKey() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	inQuotes := false
	for r := l.next(); isKeyChar(r) || r == '\n'; r = l.next() {
		if r == '"' {
			inQuotes = !inQuotes
		} else if r == '\n' {
			return l.errorf("keys cannot contain new lines")
		} else if isSpace(r) && !inQuotes {
			break
		} else if !isValidBareChar(r) && !inQuotes {
			return l.errorf("keys cannot contain %c character", r)
		}
	}
	l.backup()
	l.emit(tokenKey)
	return l.lexVoid
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexComment() tomlLexStateFn {
	for {
		next := l.next()
		if next == '\n' || next == eof {
			break
		}
	}
	l.ignore()
	return l.lexVoid
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexLeftBracket() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.pos++
	l.emit(tokenLeftBracket)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexLiteralString() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.pos++
	l.ignore()
	growingString := ""

	// handle special case for triple-quote
	terminator := "'"
	if l.follow("''") {
		l.pos += 2
		l.ignore()
		terminator = "'''"

		// special case: discard leading newline
		if l.peek() == '\n' {
			l.pos++
			l.ignore()
		}
	}

	// find end of string
	for {
		if l.follow(terminator) {
			l.emitWithValue(tokenString, growingString)
			l.pos += len(terminator)
			l.ignore()
			return l.lexRvalue
		}

		growingString += string(l.peek())

		if l.next() == eof {
			break
		}
	}

	return l.errorf("unclosed string")
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexString() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.pos++
	l.ignore()
	growingString := ""

	// handle special case for triple-quote
	terminator := "\""
	if l.follow("\"\"") {
		l.pos += 2
		l.ignore()
		terminator = "\"\"\""

		// special case: discard leading newline
		if l.peek() == '\n' {
			l.pos++
			l.ignore()
		}
	}

	for {
		if l.follow(terminator) {
			l.emitWithValue(tokenString, growingString)
			l.pos += len(terminator)
			l.ignore()
			return l.lexRvalue
		}

		if l.follow("\\") {
			l.pos++
			switch l.peek() {
			case '\r':
				fallthrough
			case '\n':
				fallthrough
			case '\t':
				fallthrough
			case ' ':
				// skip all whitespace chars following backslash
				l.pos++
				for strings.ContainsRune("\r\n\t ", l.peek()) {
					l.pos++
				}
				l.pos--
			case '"':
				growingString += "\""
			case 'n':
				growingString += "\n"
			case 'b':
				growingString += "\b"
			case 'f':
				growingString += "\f"
			case '/':
				growingString += "/"
			case 't':
				growingString += "\t"
			case 'r':
				growingString += "\r"
			case '\\':
				growingString += "\\"
			case 'u':
				l.pos++
				code := ""
				for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
					c := l.peek()
					l.pos++
					if !isHexDigit(c) {
						return l.errorf("unfinished unicode escape")
					}
					code = code + string(c)
				}
				l.pos--
				intcode, err := strconv.ParseInt(code, 16, 32)
				if err != nil {
					return l.errorf("invalid unicode escape: \\u" + code)
				}
				growingString += string(rune(intcode))
			case 'U':
				l.pos++
				code := ""
				for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
					c := l.peek()
					l.pos++
					if !isHexDigit(c) {
						return l.errorf("unfinished unicode escape")
					}
					code = code + string(c)
				}
				l.pos--
				intcode, err := strconv.ParseInt(code, 16, 64)
				if err != nil {
					return l.errorf("invalid unicode escape: \\U" + code)
				}
				growingString += string(rune(intcode))
			default:
				return l.errorf("invalid escape sequence: \\" + string(l.peek()))
			}
		} else {
			r := l.peek()
			if 0x00 <= r && r <= 0x1F {
				return l.errorf("unescaped control character %U", r)
			}
			growingString += string(r)
		}

		if l.next() == eof {
			break
		}
	}

	return l.errorf("unclosed string")
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexKeyGroup() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.pos++

	if l.peek() == '[' {
		// token '[[' signifies an array of anonymous key groups
		l.pos++
		l.emit(tokenDoubleLeftBracket)
		return l.lexInsideKeyGroupArray
	}
	// vanilla key group
	l.emit(tokenLeftBracket)
	return l.lexInsideKeyGroup
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexInsideKeyGroupArray() tomlLexStateFn {
	for {
		if l.peek() == ']' {
			if l.pos > l.start {
				l.emit(tokenKeyGroupArray)
			}
			l.ignore()
			l.pos++
			if l.peek() != ']' {
				break // error
			}
			l.pos++
			l.emit(tokenDoubleRightBracket)
			return l.lexVoid
		} else if l.peek() == '[' {
			return l.errorf("group name cannot contain ']'")
		}

		if l.next() == eof {
			break
		}
	}
	return l.errorf("unclosed key group array")
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexInsideKeyGroup() tomlLexStateFn {
	for {
		if l.peek() == ']' {
			if l.pos > l.start {
				l.emit(tokenKeyGroup)
			}
			l.ignore()
			l.pos++
			l.emit(tokenRightBracket)
			return l.lexVoid
		} else if l.peek() == '[' {
			return l.errorf("group name cannot contain ']'")
		}

		if l.next() == eof {
			break
		}
	}
	return l.errorf("unclosed key group")
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexRightBracket() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	l.pos++
	l.emit(tokenRightBracket)
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func (l *tomlLexer) lexNumber() tomlLexStateFn {
	l.ignore()
	if !l.accept("+") {
		l.accept("-")
	}
	pointSeen := false
	expSeen := false
	digitSeen := false
	for {
		next := l.next()
		if next == '.' {
			if pointSeen {
				return l.errorf("cannot have two dots in one float")
			}
			if !isDigit(l.peek()) {
				return l.errorf("float cannot end with a dot")
			}
			pointSeen = true
		} else if next == 'e' || next == 'E' {
			expSeen = true
			if !l.accept("+") {
				l.accept("-")
			}
		} else if isDigit(next) {
			digitSeen = true
		} else if next == '_' {
		} else {
			l.backup()
			break
		}
		if pointSeen && !digitSeen {
			return l.errorf("cannot start float with a dot")
		}
	}

	if !digitSeen {
		return l.errorf("no digit in that number")
	}
	if pointSeen || expSeen {
		l.emit(tokenFloat)
	} else {
		l.emit(tokenInteger)
	}
	return l.lexRvalue
}

func init() {
	dateRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("^\\d{1,4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}T\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d{1,9})?(Z|[+-]\\d{2}:\\d{2})")
}

// Entry point
func lexToml(input string) chan token {
	l := &tomlLexer{
		input:  input,
		tokens: make(chan token),
		line:   1,
		col:    1,
	}
	go l.run()
	return l.tokens
}